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Fourth Department of the General Staff Headquarters Department
The Fourth Department (4PLA) of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Staff Department (GSD) is also known as the Electronic Countermeasures and Radar Department. It is charged with the PLA’s offensive electronic warfare (EW) and information warfare (IW) missions, to include offensive cyber operations. Based on PLA doctrine and 4PLA’s mission, this department will almost certainly play a major role in future conflicts, including conflicts with the U.S. While information on 4PLA can be sparse, this paper will attempt to pull together many sources to provide an overview of 4PLA, to include its history, the role of an important 4PLA leader and the doctrine that he produced, 4PLA’s responsibilities and mission, its organizational structure, 4PLA’s relationship with other organizations in China, its locations and size, and how 4PLA and its related doctrine could be used in battle.
==History==
During the Sino-Soviet conflict in 1969, the Chinese military experienced repeated disruptions of their communication networks, impeding command and control (C2) of their combat units. This experience resulted in the conclusion that China’s C2 infrastructure could not survive a conflict with a technically advanced enemy. This conclusion led to a three phased approach to upgrading and advancing China’s C2 infrastructure. The third phase of this modernization effort, the development of electronic countermeasures for C2 infrastructure, continues today and is the responsibility of 4PLA. The exact year that 4PLA was founded is not agreed upon by publicly available sources. One website indicates that 4PLA was established in 1982 for EW and counter-EW. Another website on Major General Yao Hong Zhang may indicate that 4PLA existed or was being created in 1989 when he was transferred there. Multiple sources, however, indicate that 4PLA was established in 1990 as an EW entity. A 1990 establishment falls in line with the international conflicts and activities that shaped PLA IW doctrine, specifically the first Gulf War.
The PLA’s observations of U.S. information operations in the Balkans and in the first Gulf War resulted in contemplation and reflection regarding China’s doctrine and adaptation to IW, which the PLA saw as a “new battlespace.” The PLA referred specifically to the Gulf War as “the great transformation.” The effect of modern IW on operations and international strategy was clear to the PLA, and it began to establish organizations, strategies, and doctrine to address this new type of warfare. The PLA understood as early as 1991 that future conflicts would heavily involve technology and electronics. The establishment of 4PLA and its growth supported the development of the PLA’s IW capabilities. In 1993, the PLA made revisions to the Central Military Commission’s Military Strategic Guidelines, stating that the PLA should prepare to “fight local wars under informationized conditions,” and as early as 1996, major joint exercises included EW units.
The PLA spent the years following the Gulf War studying military publications on IW from around the world, which eventually resulted in the PLA’s own IW doctrine that it tasked the 4PLA to implement. 4PLA is believed to have been in direct control of traditional jamming and offensive EW operations since its inception, but it is unknown when 4PLA took on its IW responsibilities. 4PLA has overseen the PLA’s IW operations since at least 1999, when Major General Dai Qingmin produced a major work outlining an IW doctrine that he called Integrated Network Electronic Warfare (INEW). His publication was reviewed by 4PLA, indicating that 4PLA was in charge of IW oversight at this time. In 2000, Dai was promoted to the head of 4PLA, likely demonstrating the GSD’s endorsement of the INEW strategy and consolidating the IW mission in 4PLA. Bryan Krekel, in his book Occupying the Information High Ground, writes that 4PLA had to fight for this authority,〔 citing a February 2002 issue of China Military Science where the heads of the Third Department of the GSD (3PLA) and 4PLA each made their cases for operational control of IW. Dai’s INEW strategy won the debate, and subsequently, IW responsibilities were consolidated in 4PLA.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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